Hot pot (first=t) or hotpot,[Usage example of the word "steamboat": ] is a dish of soup/stock kept simmering in a cooking pot by a heat source on the table, accompanied by an array of raw , and soy-based foods which diners quickly cook by dipping in broth.
Description
Hot pot is a flavorful broth traditionally served inside a large metal pot. There are many types of hot pot, like Chongqing hot pot, Beijing hot pot, Yunnan hot pot, and so on.
The broth is brought to a boil and left simmering for the duration of the meal. Raw ingredients, such as meat and vegetables, are placed into the simmering broth and thus cooked. The cooked pieces are dipped into
for additional flavor. Hot pot is considered a
main course and is usually served without rice or noodles on the side. Hot pots can be prepared and eaten at home or in a restaurant.
Typical hot pot ingredients include thinly sliced meat, , Edible mushroom, vermicelli, sliced , bean products, egg , tofu, and seafood. Raw ingredients are sliced into thin sections that will cook quickly and consistently in the simmering broth, which is kept at a gentle boiling temperature. Most raw foods can be cooked in a hot pot, although they may have different cooking times, and must be immersed in the soup and then removed accordingly.
History
The tripods of
Zhou dynasty may be the earliest prototypes of the hot pot. Diners among the nobility each had a personal pot made of bronze, called
ran lu 燃爐. The main part of
ran lu was a small stove with a small pot above burning charcoal. Later, a hot pot made with copper was created during the
Three Kingdoms (200–280 AD), which is generally acknowledged as the origin of the hot pot. During the
Qing dynasty, hot pot became popular among the emperors. In particular, the
Qianlong Emperor was very fond of hot pot and would eat it for almost every meal. Later, the
Jiaqing Emperor had a banquet with 1,550 hot pots at his coronation.
Empress Dowager Cixi was also known to have enjoyed hot pot, especially during the winter season.
Since the 1990s, as the number of Chinese expatriates entering the United States has grown significantly, the popularity of Chinese food has also risen in the U.S. and hot pot has become globally recognized.
Common ingredients
Regional variations
East Asia
China
Chinese hot pots are often divided into "Southern style" and "Northern style", paralleling the northern and southern Chinese cultural divide. Although there are wide regional variations, in general, Southern styles tend to have spicy broths and complex dipping sauces, and are heavier on
seafood, vegetables and
Edible mushrooms, while Northern styles are simpler and focus more on meat, particularly
mutton.
According to research, 67 different spices and condiments are commonly used in traditional Chinese hotpot, involving 82 plant species of 50 genera in 26 families.
Modern eateries offer a partitioned pot with differently flavored broths in each section. More traditional or older establishments often serve a fragrant, mild broth in a large brass vessel heated by burning coals in a central chimney. The broth is simmered in a deep, donut-shaped bowl surrounding the chimney.
Northern styles
Instant-boiled mutton () could be viewed as representative of "northern style hot pot", which focus on the main ingredients rather than the soup base. Water is used as the main ingredient of the hotpot instead of the flavored broth.
The Manchu cuisine hot pot () uses plenty of suan cai (Chinese cabbage pickle) () to make the broth sour.
In Hubei cuisine, hot pot is normally prepared with hot spices and Sichuan pepper. Items supplied to be cooked in this broth include mushrooms, thinly shaved beef or lamb, lettuce, and various other green vegetables.
Southern styles
One of the most famous Southern variations is the Chongqing hot pot (Chinese:重慶火鍋), which uses
mala seasoning flavored with
Chili pepper and
Sichuan pepper for a spicy and numbing flavor. Chongqing hotpots often feature a wide variety of different meats and ingredients, and offer many
and
to flavor the meat. The typical dipping sauce contains
sesame oil and is mixed with crushed fresh garlic and chopped spring onions.
Sichuan also has a number of "dry" hot pots such as , which are similar to mala hot pot in ingredients and seasoning, but Stir-frying instead of being cooked in broth.
In Yunnan, there is another predominant type of hot pot made with various mushrooms, wild or farmed. It is called the wild mushroom hot pot (). Due to the vast forests and abundant natural resources in Yunnan, people can find a wide variety of edible mushrooms. The easily accessible and fresh mushroom resources lead to the high popularity of the wild mushroom hot pot. The big difference between the mushroom hot pot and the spicy hot pot is that the former omits strong spice and chili, and the latter preserves the original flavor of the mushrooms. The mushroom hot pot is also seasonal, depending on the availability of local mushrooms.
A Cantonese variation includes mixing a raw egg with the condiments to reduce the amount of "heat" absorbed by the food, thereby reducing the likelihood of a sore throat after the steamboat meal, according to Chinese herbalist theories.
In Hainan cuisine, hot pot is generally served in small with a prepared broth containing pieces of meat. At the time of serving, the meat is not fully cooked, and approximately fifteen minutes are required before it is ready to eat. Items supplied to be cooked in this type of hot pot include mushrooms, thinly shaved beef or goat meat, lettuce, and other green vegetables. This dish varies somewhat in different parts of the province. Coconut milk and juice is commonly added into the hot pot.
In Jiangsu cuisine and Zhejiang cuisine, chrysanthemum flowers are cooked in the broth to give it a floral essence.
Japan
In Japan, hot pots are known as
nabemono. There are many variations, including
sukiyaki,
yosenabe,
shabu-shabu,
oden, and
chankonabe.
The Chinese-style hot pot is transliterated as hinabe.
Korea
In Korea,
jeongol and
jjigae can be compared to hot pot. There are many variations, including
budae-jjigae and
kimchi-jjigae.
The Chinese-style hot pot is transliterated as hwogwo (火鍋, 훠궈).
Taiwan
In Taiwanese cuisine, it is very common to eat hotpot food with a dipping sauce consisting of
shacha sauce and raw egg yolk with stir-fried beef(沙茶牛肉爐). One of the most authentic hotpot restaurants that locals widely praise is a hotpot restaurant called "Xiao Haozhou's sha-cha beef hot pot." This restaurant was founded in 1949 by a man named Musheng Chen. The popularity of this hot pot restaurant and its unique secret recipe of sha-cha sauce has become one of the iconic sha-cha sauce brands in Taiwanese cuisine nowadays.
Initially, this hotpot is only assorted with a light broth and dip with sha-cha sauce. Influenced by Japanese cuisine, shacha sauce is now commonly served with raw egg yolk.
The Taiwanese also developed their own homegrown culinary sensibilities with a style of chili hotpot originated from the Szechuan chili hotpot style. In the Taiwanese style of chili hotpot, people who barely tolerate spicy favor are included. Rather than using animal offal as the main ingredient, the Taiwanese style of chili hotpot uses seafood and beef as their main ingredient due to Taiwan's location near the sea.
In Taiwan, people usually have a hotpot meal during the Lunar New Year's Eve. Different from the usual days of cooking hotpots with whatever ingredients they like, the Taiwanese follow the principles of the Wuhsing when cooking the Lunar year Taiwan hotpot. They believe that by following the current principle of these five elements, then the food they eat can gain a "mutual generation sequence" (xiangsheng 相生) that is beneficial to the ones that eat them. In Taiwanese hotpot, these five elements are represented with the food in five colors: white, black, yellow, red, and green. Therefore, the five indispensable foods are
-
Turnip cake, which represents white;
-
mushroom, which represents black;
-
burdock or pumpkin, which represents yellow;
-
carrot or tomato, which represents red and reddish leaves, which represent green.
Moreover, locals believe that the more colors of ingredients in a hotpot, the more different nutrients they will gain from eating it. The reason why it is so crucial for Taiwanese people to consume hot pot during the Lunar calendar is that hot pot not only represents rich nutrition and blessings for family health, but it also represents family reunion and harmony.
Southeast Asia
Cambodia
In Cambodian cuisine, hot pot is called
yao hon (យ៉ាវហន) or
chhnang pleurng (ឆ្នាំងភ្លើង, ). It is usually eaten during celebrations or family gatherings. Just like the Chinese version, Cambodian hot pot consists of similar ingredients although the dish differs in that
coconut milk is used as the base of the soup. Another variation of the dish is called "buttered yao hon" or "buttered chhnang pleurng"; the same ingredients are used but are instead cooked on a flat grill pan where butter is used as the base (this is similar to
Korean barbecue). An herb sauce is usually added to "buttered yao hon", since the ingredients are not flavored by immersion in a broth.
Laos
In
Lao cuisine, hot pot is called
sin jum (ຊີ້ນຈຸ່ມ), which means dipped meat, although seafood is also a popular option.
Sin jum is generally a leisurely meal enjoyed among family members at home, or among colleagues and friends in restaurants in cities across Laos. Usually, Lao style hot pots use the brown clay pots that are immediately evident in restaurants or stalls that serve the dish along the side of the streets. The broth is prepared from beef ribs, pork bones, or chicken combined with galangal, lemongrass, white onions, and cilantro roots, and sometimes with coconut water. Ingredients include a variety of fresh vegetables, such as water spinach, watercress, bokchoi, napa cabbage, mushrooms, glass vermicelli noodles. Thinly sliced marinated pork, beef, or chicken meat, seafood or eggs are protein source options. The condiments for a Lao hot pot normally include crushed chili and minced raw garlic, lime wedges, cilantro leaves and fish sauce. In the capital
Vientiane, there are also numerous restaurants serving Japanese shabu-shabu and Korean and regional Chinese hot pots.
Philippines
In Philippine cuisine, hotpot is commonly served by Chinese specialty restaurants, and in some all-you-can-eat
. The terms
shabu-shabu and "hotpot" are also used interchangeably for this style of food preparation.
In
Cebu City, a specialty restaurant offers a "hot pot" that is literally a huge ceramic pot filled with cooked rice, choice of
beef,
pork, or chicken slices, special sauce, and choice vegetables such as
broccoli,
carrot,
shallot,
ginger,
pechay,
Kangkong, spices, and some slices of
hard-boiled eggs on top; it is more similar to
kamameshi than the namesake.
Thailand
In
Thai cuisine, hotpot is called
Thai suki, although it is quite different from the Japanese
shabu-shabu variation called
sukiyaki. Originally a Chinese-style hot pot, the number of ingredients to choose from was greatly increased and a Thai-style dipping sauce with
Hot sauce, chili, lime, and
cilantro leaves was added. Another variation is
mu kratha, the Thai hot pot which originated from Korean barbecue combined with
Thai suki. In the Northeast region, a similar style of cooking called
chim chum where thinly sliced meat is cooked in clay pots on charcoal stove is also popular.
Tom yum is a common soup base for Thai hot pot.
Vietnam
In Vietnamese cuisine, a hot pot is called
lẩu. There are many styles of lẩu ranging from seafood
lẩu hải sản,
canh chua soup-base (
lẩu canh chua) or salted fish hot pot (
lẩu mắm).
Europe
Switzerland
In
Swiss cuisine, a variation of the traditional Chinese hot pot locally called
fondue chinoise (lit. "Chinese fondue") is a popular Christmas meal. Various types of meat, fish and vegetables are boiled in a shared pot of broth. Various sauces and pickled condiments are provided on the side. After all the diners have finished cooking, they eat the now-well-flavored broth often combined with thin noodles.
Portable stoves
In many regions outside of Asia, hot pot is commonly enjoyed at home or in restaurants using small portable stoves placed at the dining table. These can include butane gas stoves, induction hobs, or electric hot plates, which provide a stable simmer throughout the meal and are convenient for both indoor and outdoor dining.
Portable induction cookers in particular have gained popularity for hot pot, as they are energy-efficient, easy to clean, and safer to use in enclosed spaces compared to open-flame stoves.
Similar dishes
-
Instant-boiled mutton
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Jeongol - Korea
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Nabemono - Japan
-
Yao hon (យ៉ាវហន) or chhnang pleurng (ឆ្នាំងភ្លើង) - Cambodia
-
Thai suki
-
Mu kratha – also called "Thai hot pot" or mookata
-
Clay pot cooking – referred to as "hot pot" or "hotpot" on Chinese restaurant menus in English-speaking regions
-
Lancashire hotpot – a dish referred to as "hot pot" (or "hotpot") in Britain
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Stew – may include similar ingredients but is not necessarily cooked the same way
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Yong tau foo
-
Fondue bourguignonne and fondue chinoise
See also
Further reading
External links
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A blog related to Chinese Hot pot at G Adventures
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An article related to at WikiHow
